7 Radioactivity and Particles – Part B “Radioactivity”
Syllabus Aims…
7.2 describe the structure of an atom in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons and use symbols such as C14 to describe particular nuclei
7.3 know the terms atomic (proton) number, mass (nucleon) number and isotope
7.4 know that alpha (a) particles, beta ( b-) particles and gamma (g) rays are ionising radiations emitted from unstable nuclei in a random process
7.5 describe the nature of alpha (a) particles, beta ( b-) particles and gamma (g) rays and recall that they may be distinguished in terms of penetrating power and ability to ionise
7.6 practical: investigate the penetration powers of different types of radiation using either radioactive sources or simulations.
7.7 describe the effects on the atomic and mass numbers of a nucleus of the emission of each of the four main types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation)
7.8 understand how to complete balanced nuclear equations in terms of mass and charge 7.9 know that photographic film or a Geiger–Müller detector can detect ionising radiations 7.10 explain the sources of background (ionising) radiation from Earth and space.
7.11 know that the activity of a radioactive source decreases over a period of time and is measured in becquerels
7.12 know the term ‘half-life’ and understand that it is different for different radioactive isotopes
7.13 use the concept of the half-life to carry out simple calculations on activity, including graphical methods.
7.14 describe the uses of radioactivity in industry and medicine
7.15 describe the difference between contamination and irradiation 7.16 describe the dangers of ionising radiations including
that radiation can cause mutations in living organisms
that radiation can damage cells and tissue
the problems arising in the disposal of radioactive waste and how the associated risks can be reduced.
Marie & Pierre Curie, Henri Becquerel. The Discovery of Radioactivity and Radioactive Elements.
Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity, for work in this field he, along with Marie ...Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him.
Marie Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person (and only woman) to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.
Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. In 1903 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Skłodowska-Curie, and Henri Becquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel".
The 20th Century Time Machine takes you back in time to the most important historical events of the past century. Watch documentaries, discussions and real footage of major events that shaped the world we live in today. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHAZA5h5cmo[+] Show More
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Marie & Pierre Curie, Henri Becquerel. The Discovery of Radioactivity and Radioactive Elements.
Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French [...]
Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity, for work in this field he, along with Marie ...Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him.
Marie Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person (and only woman) to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.
Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. In 1903 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Skłodowska-Curie, and Henri Becquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel".
The 20th Century Time Machine takes you back in time to the most important historical events of the past century. Watch documentaries, discussions and real footage of major events that shaped the world we live in today. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHAZA5h5cmo[+] Show More
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Marie Curie's Radium - Part 1 of 3 - The Six Experiments that Changed the World
A great video about the life of Marie Curie and the discovery of Radium. [...]
A great video about the life of Marie Curie and the discovery of Radium. All rights reserved to Channel 4. This video has been uploaded for educational purposes only.
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Natural History Museum Geiger Counter
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GCSE Physics - Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation #33
This video covers: - The idea that radioactive materials contain unstable [...]
This video covers: - The idea that radioactive materials contain unstable isotopes - What alpha, beta, gamma and neutron radiation is - How ionising and penetrating they are
General info: - Suitable for all GCSE ...and IGCSE courses - Suitable for higher and foundation tiers - Suitable for triple and combined science
Exam board specific info: AQA - Everything is relevant to your course! IGCSE Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR Gateway - Everything is relevant to your course!
Granite Countertops: Is Radon and Radiation a Real Concern?
In recent years, there have been numerous media reports about possible [...]
In recent years, there have been numerous media reports about possible health concerns regarding granite countertops emitting radiation and radon gas into people's homes.
Any type of rock could ...contain naturally occurring radioactive elements such as radium, uranium and thorium. Some pieces of granite contain more of these elements than others. If present, these radioactive elements will decay into radon, a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas which may be released from the granite over time.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "It's important to know that radon originating in the soil beneath homes is a more common problem and a far larger public health risk than radon from granite building materials."[+] Show More
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Beta Radiation Deflection in a Magnetic Field
Charged particles deflect in Magnetic Field
Charged particles deflect in Magnetic Field
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GCSE Physics - Radioactive Decay and Half Life #35
This video covers: - How radioactive decay works - What activity means - [...]
This video covers: - How radioactive decay works - What activity means - The two definitions of half-life - How to show radioactive decay on a graph - How we can find the count rate ...with a Geiger–Müller tube - Example calculation for radioactive decay
General info: - Suitable for all GCSE and IGCSE courses - See below for whether it is higher or foundation tier for your exam board - See below for whether it is triple or combined for your exam board
Exam board specific info: AQA - Everything is relevant to your course! IGCSE Edexcel - Separate science and higher tier only Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR Gateway - Measuring half-life using graphs and calculating involving half-lives are only for higher tier
The background count can be determined from this video [...]
The background count can be determined from this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTHfO8daPZc Using a protactinium genrator and a gieger-muller tube, you can perform an experiment to determine the half life of a protactinium ...isotope. This video explains how the protactinium generator works and will allow you to take results in real time that will allow you to determine the decay constant and the half-life.[+] Show More
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British Museum Gebelein Man - Oldest Mummy found in the World!
Gebelein, Egypt, Predynastic period, around 3500 BC A naturally preserved [...]
Gebelein, Egypt, Predynastic period, around 3500 BC
A naturally preserved mummy in a reconstructed pit-grave.
This man died more than five thousand years ago and was buried at the site of Gebelein, ...in Upper Egypt. The reconstruction of his grave illustrates the early Egyptian custom of placing the body in a contracted, foetal position, usually on the left side, with the head to the south, facing the west, the land of the dead where he would be reborn. Around him were all the things he might need for his afterlife, especially pottery to hold and serve food.
In the Predynastic period (4400-3100 BC), the time before the pharaohs, the dead were buried in shallow graves cut into the desert sand. The graves were often lined with reed mats, making them like a bed, and the body was covered with linen or skins and more mats, like a blanket, before the grave was refilled and perhaps topped by a mound of dirt. Contact with the hot dry sand naturally preserved the bodies because the sand absorbed the water that constitutes approximately 75% by weight of the human body. Bacteria cannot breed without moisture and as a result, the bodies frequently did not decay, but simply dried out. The body of this man is remarkably well-preserved, even down to his finger-nails and hair, which has probably faded with time.
Chance discoveries of these sand-dried mummies (for example, when a grave was disturbed by animals or robbers), may have promoted the belief that physical preservation of the body was necessary for the afterlife. This may have led the later Egyptians to develop means of artificial mummification after the introduction of coffins and deeper graves separated the body from the natural drying effects of the sand.
The objects that surrounded Gebelein Man in his original burial are unknown. On display is a selection of typical grave-goods from other graves of the middle Predynastic period (about 3500 BC), the time we believe he died. Attempts to date the body using Carbon 14 (the radiocarbon method) have so far been unsuccessful[+] Show More
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GCSE Science Revision - Carbon Dating
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Don't ignore your breast screening Invite
If you’re over 50 you’ll start receiving breast screening invites soon – [...]
If you’re over 50 you’ll start receiving breast screening invites soon – find out what to expect and hear from the women who’ve experienced it. http://bit.ly/2FDokFL
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Breast Cancer Now is the ...UK’s largest breast cancer charity – and we’re dedicated to funding research into this devastating disease. We believe that if we all act now, by 2050, everyone who develops breast cancer will live. Find out more:
#BreastCancer #BreastCancerResearch #Cancer #Charity[+] Show More
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Candle Flame in an Electric Field
When the E.H.T. power supply is switched on, the candle flame splits into [...]
When the E.H.T. power supply is switched on, the candle flame splits into two portions in opposite directions.
The hot flame of the candle ionises the air molecules in its ...surrounding into positive and negative ions.
The positive ions are heavier and move much slower. Thus, a larger portion of the flame follows the positive ions, moving towards the negative plate.
The negative charge are electrons and are very much lighter than the positive ions. They move faster towards the positive plate and more easily.
Thus, the portion of the flame that follows the negative ions are much smaller and thinner. This practical really does need a 25kV supply to work well.
Also in a uniform electrical field the electrical field strength (Vm-1) is E∝𝑉/𝑑 so when we move the electrodes closer they put out the flame as E∝1/𝑑 as the field strength is stronger.
At the end we can see the soot on the negative electrode due to the ions from the flame.
It's a great demo for separation of ions and electrons and evidence if charged ions. Also clearly the mass of the positive is more not that there are more, slip of the tongue!
The demo is dangerous so you must take care and no pupils close to it. My EHT is current limited for safer use in schools.
Finally the video has one error when I talked about the ions there are clearly the same POS and negative ones. The masses are the differences.
Lastly it's quite hard to get the flame to go out, I was lucky...so don't be disappointed if you fail![+] Show More
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GCSE Physics - X-Rays and Gamma Rays #68
This video covers: - How x-ray machines work - How gamma rays are used to [...]
This video covers: - How x-ray machines work - How gamma rays are used to sterilise food and medical equipment - The pro's and con's of using radiation
Exam board specific info: AQA - ...Everything is relevant to your course! IGCSE Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR Gateway - Everything is relevant to your course!
Named after Poland, this element has a notorious reputation because of its [...]
Named after Poland, this element has a notorious reputation because of its use in atomic bombs and international murder allegations. More links in description below ↓↓↓
My name is Jeremy Enfinger, and I've been teaching for JRCERT-accredited Radiologic Technology programs since 2005. I work full-time in management now for a large hospital system in San Diego, while I continue to teach on an adjunct basis because, well, I simply love radiography! _____________________________________________
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sources for this episode: https://pastebin.com/sBFNTNts
Some Images used under license from Shutterstock.com[+] Show More
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Life Changing... Radiation in Medicine Tracer - Kidney
Simple video to show how a radioactive tracer is used to understand how a [...]
Simple video to show how a radioactive tracer is used to understand how a kidney is blocked with a kidney stone. Then ultrasound can be used to break it up. ...The radiation stays stuck in the kidney.[+] Show More
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TECHNETIUM 99m
Task 3 part C. Robyn Thomson Year 10 Technetium 99m
Task 3 part C. Robyn Thomson Year 10 Technetium 99m
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