4.2 describe energy transfers involving energy stores:
energy stores:
chemical
kinetic
gravitational
elastic, thermal
magnetic
electrostatic
nuclear
energy transfers:
mechanically
electrically
by heating
by radiation (light and sound)
4.3 use the principle of conservation of energy
4.4 know and use the relationship:
efficiency = (useful energy output/total energy input) x 100%
4.5 describe a variety of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining transfer of the input energy in terms of the above relationship, including their representation by Sankey diagrams.
GCSE Physics - Energy Stores, Transferring Energy & Work Done #1
In this video you'll learn: - The 'conservation of energy principle' - The different energy stores - How energy is transferred between stores - What we mean by 'work done'
General info: - Suitable for ...all GCSE and IGCSE courses
Exam board specific info: AQA - Everything is relevant to your course! IGCSE Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR Gateway - Everything is relevant to your course![+] Show More
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GCSE Physics - Energy Stores, Transferring Energy & Work Done #1
In this video you'll learn: - The 'conservation of energy principle' - The ...
In this video you'll learn: - The 'conservation of energy principle' - The different energy stores - How energy is transferred between stores - What we mean by 'work done'
General info: - Suitable for ...all GCSE and IGCSE courses
Exam board specific info: AQA - Everything is relevant to your course! IGCSE Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR Gateway - Everything is relevant to your course![+] Show More
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Model Steam Engine
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Resistance heating with SMEG cooking element
Disclaimer: please never try this at home 40A from a cooker will kill you ...
Disclaimer: please never try this at home 40A from a cooker will kill you on first touch!
This is a video to show you how a cooker element transformed energy via ...electrical mechanisms to Infra Red radiation which cooks your food. This element is usually covered by a plate which I took out to change the element and do a deep oven clean.[+] Show More
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Q2 4B Energy Trans 1C Force and Motion Hooks June 2018 iGCSE Physics
This is a quick video walkthrough of an Edexcel exam question. It is ...
This is a quick video walkthrough of an Edexcel exam question. It is designed so you can look at questions which relate to questions from specific parts of the course.
It ...is taken from a real paper and I have used a real mark scheme which I have adapted for on-screen use. If you listen carefully it will give you a really good idea of what an examiner is looking for.[+] Show More
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Sankey Diagrams - p159 (Foundation p160)
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GCSE Physics - Efficiency #8
In this video we cover: - The idea that devices aren't 100% efficient - ...
In this video we cover: - The idea that devices aren't 100% efficient - What efficiency is - The equation for efficiency - Examples of how to calculate efficiency - Why some devices ...like electric heaters are sometimes considered to be 100% efficient
General info: - Suitable for all GCSE and IGCSE courses
Exam board specific info: AQA - Everything is relevant to your course! IGCSE Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! Edexcel - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR 21st Century - Everything is relevant to your course! OCR Gateway - Everything is relevant to your course![+] Show More
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Q12 4B 4D Energy 5B Pressure June 2018 iGCSE Physics
This is a quick video walkthrough of an Edexcel exam question. It is ...
This is a quick video walkthrough of an Edexcel exam question. It is designed so you can look at questions which relate to questions from specific parts of the course.
It ...is taken from a real paper and I have used a real mark scheme which I have adapted for on-screen use. If you listen carefully it will give you a really good idea of what an examiner is looking for.[+] Show More
Syllabus Aims Year 10…
4.6 Describe how thermal energy transfer may take place by conduction, convection and Radiation
4.7 Explain the role of convection in everyday phenomena
4.8 Explain how emission and absorption of radiation are related to surface and
Temperature
4.9 Practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by conduction, convection and radiation
4.10 Explain ways of reducing unwanted energy transfer, such as insulation
FLIR Silver Blanket Thermal Insulation Infrared IR Reflection
Simple video to show how silver reflects IR
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FLIR Silver Blanket Thermal Insulation Infrared IR Reflection
Simple video to show how silver reflects IR
Simple video to show how silver reflects IR
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Convection Currents Smokin Chimney FLIR 2023
This really cool demonstration is being shown this week to my Y10 students ...
This really cool demonstration is being shown this week to my Y10 students in honour of the coronation. Red, White and Blue!
It shows clearly how a hot liquid in a ...cold liquid creates a "convection" current which carries the red food colouring with it.
Also its amazing how a liquid can look like a gas, think about how smoke looks in air at the end.[+] Show More
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FLIR Camera Conductor or Insulator?
FLIR Cameras are so cool, this quick video shows how energy is conducted ...
FLIR Cameras are so cool, this quick video shows how energy is conducted through metals by electrons which are dissociated from the parent atoms. It is similar to an electrical ...current.[+] Show More
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FLIR Light Bulb Efficiency Comparisons - AQA A Level Physics
Amazing how much light an LED bulb throws out when it gives out so little ...
Amazing how much light an LED bulb throws out when it gives out so little thermal energy
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Hot Hand Print - Thermal Imaging FLIR
What happens when you touch a surface? You leave thermal energy behind and ...
What happens when you touch a surface?
You leave thermal energy behind and it can be seen with an Infra-Red Camera!
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Bunsen Flame v Match - Thermal Imaging FLIR
This is really exciting as I show you how a Bunsen burner has turbulence in ...
This is really exciting as I show you how a Bunsen burner has turbulence in the flame and how the hottest part moves around a little.
Also you can see how ...it compares with a match![+] Show More
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Light Bulb v CFL Energy Efficiency in Infra Red - Thermal Imaging FLIR
A really cool way to show how much energy you waste in a Filament lamp bulb ...
A really cool way to show how much energy you waste in a Filament lamp bulb compared to a CFL.
Watch how the energy loss compares in colour and also what ...happens when you switch it off.[+] Show More
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Liquids Conduct Heat Poorly
This simple idea shows how energy is not conducted well by a fluid. Heat ...
This simple idea shows how energy is not conducted well by a fluid. Heat ice and water to see if boil at the top and and still be frozen at ...the bottom.[+] Show More
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Infrared Radiation
This is a video taken at the NEC in Birmingham at the Grand Designs Live ...
This is a video taken at the NEC in Birmingham at the Grand Designs Live show. You can clearly see the difference in IR radation emitted by my body when ...I rub my hands and create extra thermal energy.[+] Show More
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Conduction in a Copper Rod
This is the traditional experiment you do to look at conduction. Try ...
This is the traditional experiment you do to look at conduction. Try plotting a time and distance graph to see how it works and predict a time for the final ...dots![+] Show More
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Convection Smoke Chimney Mine
Amazing expansion of air
Amazing expansion of air
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IR Radiation and Matt black or Silver Absorption
Beyond the red end of the visible range, but at frequencies higher than ...
Beyond the red end of the visible range, but at frequencies higher than those of radar waves and microwaves, is the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. William Herschel, a ...German-born British musician and self-taught astronomer, discovered this form of radiation in 1800 by exploring, with the aid of a thermometer, sunlight dispersed into its colors by a glass prism.
Infrared radiation is absorbed and emitted by the rotations and vibrations of chemically bonded atoms or groups of atoms and thus by many kinds of materials. For instance, window glass that is transparent to visible light absorbs infrared radiation by the vibration of its constituent atoms. Infrared radiation is strongly absorbed by water and by the atmosphere. Although invisible to the eye, infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin. Nearly 50 percent of the Sun's radiant energy is emitted in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, with the rest primarily in the visible region.
Infrared radiation plays an important role in heat transfer and is integral to the greenhouse effect, influencing the thermal radiation budget of the Earth on a global scale and affecting nearly all biospheric activity. Virtually every object at the Earth's surface emits electromagnetic radiation primarily in the infrared region of the spectrum.
In this video we prove the simple idea that a black object can absorb IR strongly whilst a silver metallic object does not. This is a simple test for use at KS3 to help differentiate between materials. We can liken it to putting your hand on a white painted line on a black tarmac road and seeing that the black tarmac is hotter. Also a white shirt is reflective and a black shirt absorbs more IR in hotter climates.
Dark, matt surfaces are good absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation.
Light, shiny surfaces are poor absorbers and emitters of infrared radiation. An example of this is the silvering inside a vacuum flask.
Uses of infrared radiation.
infrared heaters give out infrared radiation to heat a room
PIR’s (passive infra red devices), these can be found as part of home security alarm systems
thermal imaging cameras, police helicopters use these cameras to help find people when flying at night
the silvering on the inside of a vacuum flask helps prevent heat loss from coffee in the flask[+] Show More
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Led replacement bulbs
These are cool new led bulbs which are energy efficient. Advantages of LED ...
These are cool new led bulbs which are energy efficient.
Advantages of LED Bulbs
The operational life of a LED lamp (up to 50,000 hours) is in contrast to the average life ...of an incandescent bulb, which is approximately 1000-2000 hours. For lights in very inaccessible places, using LEDs would eliminate the need for difficult bulb replacement for many years. It really is simply a case of fit-and-forget!
The cost of LED lights compared to traditional incandescent bulbs
The main advantage of LED lighting is clearly in the energy savings (and therefore money savings!) which are achieved. The way in which LEDs achieve this energy saving is by the amount of heat they create. Traditional incandescent bulbs lose up to 90% of their power on creating heat which is wasted. LEDs save on power consumption by generating considerably less wasteful heat.
The cost savings are considerably higher than just the energy saving if you consider the cost of 30-50 replacement incandescent bulbs. With LEDs, there would be no replacement bulbs required for many years and they often pay for themselves in energy savings in less than a year of use.
For commercial premises like retail outlets, hotels and offices, there is a significant maintenance cost in replacing light bulbs which can be virtually eliminated. This is an important point, especially where there are a large number of bulbs in place. Eliminating the constant need to replace bulbs by changing to LED options can be very attractive, and after the cost of replacing halogen bulbs is taken into account, LED bulbs really are the ultimate energy saving bulb.
Compact Size
As the LEDs which provide the light in the bulbs are so small, the high powered LED bulbs are direct replacements for halogen bulbs in terms of size. This gives LEDs a distinct advantage over energy saving CFL bulbs which are generally larger than their halogen counterparts, and can look unsightly in some elegant light fittings.
When it comes to display or accent lighting, the compact size of LED light bulbs, as well as the availability of coloured lighting provides for very versatile lighting which is appropriate everywhere from retail displays to Christmas lights in homes.
Practical Advantages
LED light bulbs represent the safest form of lighting and even when they go wrong, they are still not dangerous to be around, unlike incandescent bulbs which generate lots of heat when in use and have even been known to explode when things go wrong. LEDs are not strictly light bulbs, they are an electrical circuit (semiconductor). They do not contain filaments and therefore are not prone to the usual light bulb problems associated with incandescent bulbs.
LEDs will invariably last 30 to 50 times longer than standard incandescent bulbs, whilst using an average of 90% less power which makes them ideal for places where lights are switched on for lengthy periods of time. More durable with no fragile parts, the bulbs generate virtually no heat and are therefore safe in almost all areas around the home. The cool running temperature of LEDs could reduce air conditioning costs, and the fire risk associated with overheating incandescent bulbs is not an issue with LEDs.
As LEDs are very strong and durable, they are able to endure vibration so they are appropriate for use in many places where existing bulbs are subject to regular failure, eg around heavy machinery. They are also able to tolerate low temperatures and therefore allow more flexibility in their use.
LEDs do not produce any UV (ultraviolet) or IR (infra red) radiation, and can thus be used to light paintings or other precious artefacts without causing any fading. Unlike CFL or fluorescent lighting, LED lighting also does not flicker, and this reduces eye strain and other problems associated with flickering lighting solutions.
Taking Care of the Environment
Taking care of the environment has become a way of life in the 21st century, and we all have a duty to try and reduce our carbon footprints, be it at home or in our businesses. An easy way to make a start in improving the efficiency of our homes and businesses is through LED lighting. Environmental specialists list improving energy efficiency as an important factor to reduce our impact on the environment. LED lights use up to 90% less electricity than standard halogen bulbs and have an extremely long lifespan which equates to considerably reduced carbon emissions and less waste because fewer lamps need to be disposed of.
The Solar Airship is just a tube filled with air made of black plastic. The ...
The Solar Airship is just a tube filled with air made of black plastic.
The trapped air is the same density initially as the air around it. However, as the black ...plastic strongly absorbs the infra-red radiation from the sun it will get hotter. The plastic then conducts some of its thermal energy store into the gas which means that the particles or molecules get faster (more kinetic energy store).
As the particles are now travelling faster they collide more frequently and harder and thus create a larger volume of gas at a higher pressure. This larger volume has the same mass as previously but is now clearly less dense.
Now the region of space which has a lower density feels up thrust and moves higher in the atmosphere. The reverse happens if the sun goes in and the airship loses thermal energy back into the atmosphere.
You can buy these or make your own by cutting the bottom out of a series of black plastic bags and use lightweight tape to fix them into a tunnel.[+] Show More
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Solar Airship Flying the Tube 2
The Solar Airship is just a tube filled with air made of black plastic. The ...
The Solar Airship is just a tube filled with air made of black plastic.
The trapped air is the same density initially as the air around it. However, as the black ...plastic strongly absorbs the infra-red radiation from the sun it will get hotter. The plastic then conducts some of its thermal energy store into the gas which means that the particles or molecules get faster (more kinetic energy store).
As the particles are now travelling faster they collide more frequently and harder and thus create a larger volume of gas at a higher pressure. This larger volume has the same mass as previously but is now clearly less dense.
Now the region of space which has a lower density feels up thrust and moves higher in the atmosphere. The reverse happens if the sun goes in and the airship loses thermal energy back into the atmosphere.
You can buy these or make your own by cutting the bottom out of a series of black plastic bags and use lightweight tape to fix them into a tunnel.[+] Show More
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Q12 4B 4D Energy 5B Pressure June 2018 iGCSE Physics
This is a quick video walkthrough of an Edexcel exam question. It is ...
This is a quick video walkthrough of an Edexcel exam question. It is designed so you can look at questions which relate to questions from specific parts of the course.
It ...is taken from a real paper and I have used a real mark scheme which I have adapted for on-screen use. If you listen carefully it will give you a really good idea of what an examiner is looking for.[+] Show More
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Episode 27 Convection
Amazing Eureka Physics video series from 1 to 30 which through cartoon go ...
Amazing Eureka Physics video series from 1 to 30 which through cartoon go through the amazing world of KS3 to A-Level Physics teaching with key concepts.
First released in Canada but ...still going strong![+] Show More
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Convection of Energy for sheep
Sheep have a thick wool covering which is great at trapping air. This stop ...
Sheep have a thick wool covering which is great at trapping air. This stop convection currents from touching their skin so reduces the energy loss from their skin due to ...this effect. This is why we call it "insulation". Also note this sheep has a lot of milk ready for its baby as it has very full udders.[+] Show More
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Convecting Peas
This boiling beaker shows how that heating peas and water can model how ...
This boiling beaker shows how that heating peas and water can model how convection current circulate through liquids. The peas rise as the water rises and they churn around.
Permanent link to this article: https://www.animatedscience.co.uk/igcse-physics-introduction-and-resources/4-energy-part-a-units/4-energy-part-b-energy-transfers
