3 Waves – Part D2 “Sound” – Triple
Syllabus Aims…
3.24P understand that the frequency range for human hearing is 20 Hz – 20 000 Hz
3.25P investigate the speed of sound in air.
3.26P understand how an oscilloscope and microphone can be used to display a sound wave
3.27P practical: investigate the frequency of a sound wave using an oscilloscope
3.28P understand how the pitch of a sound relates to the frequency of vibration of the source
3.29P understand how the loudness of a sound relates to the amplitude of vibration of the source.
Resources…
How the ear works
You may license this video royalty free by contacting us at http://www.javitz3d.com
Many of us take for granted a very extraordinary ogan... our ears. To understand the ear, we need to ...understand what sound is.
The speakers you are listening to right now are vibrating...flexing in and out causing a wave of pressure through the air
The frequency of these waves, or the speed at which the sound creating surface moves back and forth affects the pitch of the sound. The level of air pressure in each wave is directly related to how loud the sound is.
The outer part of our ear catches these waves. It faces forward and has a specially designed structure of curves helping us to determine the direction of sound, and emphasize frequencies used in human speech
Now that the sound waves are caught, they travel through the ear canal and strike against our eardrum...a thin membrane about 10 mm wide.
Now that we received the sound, the middle ear transfers this energy.
The smallest bones in your body, the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes start in motion.
The Malleus is attached to the eardrum, and as the sound travels along the force is amplified by leverage until it arrives at the Stapes which acts like a reverse piston creating waves in the fluid of the inner ear.
The most significant increase in pressure is caused by pneumatic amplification. The face of the stapes has a surface area of 3.2 square mm, while the eardrum has a surface area of 55 square mm. Using this, along with leverage through the Malleus and Incus, the final pressure is 22 times greater than when the sound first arrived.
Now we come to the most complicated part of hearing... the Cochlea. In reality, it is coiled up, but it is easyer to understand straightned out.
There are actually three chambers inside, but lets take a look at the central part.
The stapes is cuasing pressure waves to travel through the structure. Along the inside wall is about 20-30k reed like fibers. As the waves move along they encounter fibers with the correct resonant frequency and energy is released.
These fibers aren't actually what give us the signal that we heard something. There is a special structure next to these fibers containing hair cells. When the hair fibers resonate, they cause the hair cells to move, which then sends an electrical impulse to the cochlear nerve, and on to the brain. Certain pitches of sound will resonate in specific locations, and louder sounds will cause more hair cells to move.
Our brain interprets all this raw data, making it possible to enjoy things like music, or an engaging conversation.
Just to think that all of this is happening in your head right now at full speed.
And not just one, but two of these sophisticated instruments are giving you the amazing sense of hearing. This is just one of the amazing systems found in the human body that go far beyond our humble human understanding.Show MoreHow the ear works
You may license this video royalty free by contacting us at http://www.javitz3d.com
Many of us take for granted a very extraordinary ogan... our ears. To understand the ear, we need to ...understand what sound is.
The speakers you are listening to right now are vibrating...flexing in and out causing a wave of pressure through the air
The frequency of these waves, or the speed at which the sound creating surface moves back and forth affects the pitch of the sound. The level of air pressure in each wave is directly related to how loud the sound is.
The outer part of our ear catches these waves. It faces forward and has a specially designed structure of curves helping us to determine the direction of sound, and emphasize frequencies used in human speech
Now that the sound waves are caught, they travel through the ear canal and strike against our eardrum...a thin membrane about 10 mm wide.
Now that we received the sound, the middle ear transfers this energy.
The smallest bones in your body, the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes start in motion.
The Malleus is attached to the eardrum, and as the sound travels along the force is amplified by leverage until it arrives at the Stapes which acts like a reverse piston creating waves in the fluid of the inner ear.
The most significant increase in pressure is caused by pneumatic amplification. The face of the stapes has a surface area of 3.2 square mm, while the eardrum has a surface area of 55 square mm. Using this, along with leverage through the Malleus and Incus, the final pressure is 22 times greater than when the sound first arrived.
Now we come to the most complicated part of hearing... the Cochlea. In reality, it is coiled up, but it is easyer to understand straightned out.
There are actually three chambers inside, but lets take a look at the central part.
The stapes is cuasing pressure waves to travel through the structure. Along the inside wall is about 20-30k reed like fibers. As the waves move along they encounter fibers with the correct resonant frequency and energy is released.
These fibers aren't actually what give us the signal that we heard something. There is a special structure next to these fibers containing hair cells. When the hair fibers resonate, they cause the hair cells to move, which then sends an electrical impulse to the cochlear nerve, and on to the brain. Certain pitches of sound will resonate in specific locations, and louder sounds will cause more hair cells to move.
Our brain interprets all this raw data, making it possible to enjoy things like music, or an engaging conversation.
Just to think that all of this is happening in your head right now at full speed.
And not just one, but two of these sophisticated instruments are giving you the amazing sense of hearing. This is just one of the amazing systems found in the human body that go far beyond our humble human understanding.Show More Soundwaves on an oscilloscope
Simple demo of a human voice and whistling on an LCD oscilloscope to show how pure notes and complex waves are formed.
20Hz to 20kHz (Human Audio Spectrum)
Sinusoidal wave going trough entire human audio spectrum, starting at 20Hz and ending at 20kHz. Note that the frequency increases exponentially, the idea was to increase the frequency by constant ...fraction of currently played frequency rather than by a constant value (which would result in clearly noticeable fast change at lower frequencies and nearly no change at higher frequencies). Enjoy.
Note: This wave has the same volume level measured by acoustic pressure all the time, however human sound perception differs depending on frequency. For lower frequencies (below 1kHz) you might want to increase your volume, but don't forget to lower it later to avoid damage to your hearing.
If you don't hear anything below 40-50Hz even at full volume your audio hardware is probably incapable of playing lowest frequencies. You might want to try to listen on the headphones in such case. Also if you stop hearing sound somewhere between 10kHz - 20kHz - do not increase your volume for safety reasons. Every human hears a bit differently and have different hearing thresholds. Hearing range also changes with age. Younger people can usually hear higher frequencies.
For HD (High Definition) version of this test, which might yield better audio quality see: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-iCZElJ8m0Show More Refraction of Sound Wave | Waves | Physics
Physics Lecture - 46 - Wave Refraction
Measuring the speed of sound
Using a DSO to calculate the speed of sound
Your First OB Ultrasound | Oakdale OBGYN
Having a baby is a remarkable experience. So is the process of self-discovery and meeting your baby for the first time at your first OB ultrasound. This video offers insight ...into why an ultrasound is important to your baby’s healthy development and what you can expect.Show More Upper Airway Anatomy During Trans-Nasal Endoscopy (HD)
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